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Horudhac: dhalaalka walaxda daabacan waxa loola jeedaa heerka ay awoodda milicsiga ee dusha walaxda daabacan ee iftiinka dhacdada ay ugu dhowdahay awoodda milicsiga ee buuxda.Dhallaanka walxaha daabacan waxaa inta badan lagu go'aamiyaa arrimo ay ka mid yihiin waraaqaha, khad, cadaadiska daabacaadda iyo habaynta saxaafadda ka dib.Maqaalkani waxa uu sharaxayaa saamaynta khadku ku leeyahay daabacaadda gloss, nuxurka tixraaca asxaabta:
 
Qodobka khad ee saameeya dhalaalka daabacaadda

Inta badan waa jilicsanaanta filimka khad, kaas oo lagu go'aamiyo dabeecadda iyo tirada walxaha isku xira.Khadku waa inuu ka kooban yahay midab khafiif ah oo si siman u kala firdhiyey, oo uu leeyahay viscosity ku filan iyo xawaare qallayl degdeg ah si looga fogaado galitaanka xad-dhaafka ah ee xidhayaasha galay daloollada waraaqaha.Intaa waxaa dheer, khadku waa inuu sidoo kale lahaadaa dheecaan wanaagsan, si ay u sameeyaan filim khad siman ka dib daabacaadda.
 
01 Dhumucda Filimka Khadka
Waraaqda xadhkaha nuugista ugu badan ee xaashida, xidhaha soo hadhay ayaa weli lagu hayaa filimka khad, waxay si wax ku ool ah u wanaajin kartaa dhalaalka arrinta daabacan.Marka uu sii dhumuc weyn yahay filimka khadku, ayaa inta ka sii badan ee walxaha isku xidha ee soo hadhay, ay sii kordhinayaan hagaajinta dhalaalka ee arrinta daabacan.
 
Dhallaalka wuxuu kordhiyaa dhumucda filimka khadku, inkastoo khadku isku mid yahay, laakiin dhalaalka daabacaadda ee ay sameeyeen waraaqo kala duwan ayaa isbeddelaya dhumucda filimka khadku waa ka duwan yahay.Marka filimka khadku uu dhuuban yahay, dhalaalka warqadda daabacan ayaa hoos u dhacda marka uu bato dhumucda filimka khadku, taas oo ah sababta filimka khadku uu daboolayo dhalaalka asalka ah ee asalka ah ee warqadda laftiisa, dhalaalka filimka khad laftiisa ayaa hoos u dhacaya sababtoo ah in la nuugo warqadda;Iyada oo si tartiib tartiib ah u kordheysa dhumucda filimka khadadka ah, nuugista binder-ka ayaa asal ahaan ka buuxsamay, haynta dusha sare ee xiraha ayaa kordhay, dhalaalkuna sidoo kale wuu soo fiicnaanayaa.
 
Dhallaanka daabacaadda xaashida dahaarka leh waxay si degdeg ah u korodhaa kororka dhumucda filimka khad.Ka dib marka dhumucda filimka khadku uu kordho 3.8μm, dhalaalidku ma sii kordhin doono korodhka dhumucda filimka khad.
 
02 Dheecaannada Khadka

Dheecaannada khadku aad buu u weyn yahay, dhibicdu korodhay, ballaadhinta cabbirka daabacaadda, khafiifinta lakabka khad, dhalaalka daabacaadda ayaa liidata;Dheecaanka khadku aad buu u yar yahay, dhaldhalaalka sarreeya, khadku ma fududa in la wareejiyo, kuma habboona daabacaadda.Sidaa darteed, si aad u hesho dhalaal fiican, waa in la xakameeyo dareeraha khad, ma aha mid aad u weyn ma noqon karto mid aad u yar.
 
03 Heerka Khadka
 
Habka daabacaadda, jilicsanaanta khadku waa wanaagsan tahay, dhalaaliddu waa wanaagsan tahay;Heerarka liita, sawir fudud, dhalaal liidata.
 
 
04 Maaddada Midabka Khadka ah
 
Maaddada midabka khadku aad ayuu u sarreeyaa, filimka khadku wuxuu samayn karaa tiro badan oo kaabsal yaryar ah.Awoodda tiradan tirada badan ee kaabadaha yaryar si ay u xajistaan ​​binderku aad bay uga weyn tahay awoodda farqiga fiilada dusha warqadda si ay u nuugaan binderka.Sidaa darteed, marka la barbar dhigo khad ka kooban midab yar, khad leh maaddo midab sare leh ayaa ka dhigi karta filimka khadku inuu sii hayo xidhiyaal badan.Dhallaanka daabacaadda iyadoo la isticmaalayo khadyada midabka midabka sare leh ayaa ka sarreeya kuwa daabacan ee leh midabka midabka hooseeya.Sidaa darteed, qaybaha midabka khad ee ka dhex abuurmay qaab dhismeedka shabakadda xididka ayaa ah qodobka ugu muhiimsan ee saameeya dhalaalka walxaha daabacan.

Daabacaadda dhabta ah, isticmaalka habka saliidda iftiinka si loo kordhiyo dhalaalka daabacaadda, habkani gabi ahaanba wuu ka duwan yahay habka kordhinta midabka midabka ee khad.Labadan hab si loo kordhiyo dhaldhalaalka ah ee arrinta daabacan ee codsiga, sida ay ka kooban khad iyo dhumucdiisuna waxay daabicidda filimka.
 
Habka kordhinta nuxurka midabka ayaa xaddidan sababtoo ah baahida hoos u dhigista midabka daabacaadda midabka.Khad lagu diyaariyo qaybo yaryar oo midab ah, marka maadada midabka la dhimo marka dhalaalka daabacaadda la yareeyo, kaliya marka filimka khadku uu dhumuc weyn yahay si uu u soo saaro dhalaal sare.Sidaa darteed, kiiskan, habka kordhinta maadada midabka ayaa loo isticmaali karaa si loo hagaajiyo iftiinka walxaha daabacan.Si kastaba ha noqotee, qadarka midabka ayaa lagu kordhin karaa oo keliya xad gaar ah, haddii kale waxay noqon doontaa sababtoo ah qaybaha midabka aan si buuxda loo dabooli karin binder, si iftiinka dusha sare ee iftiinka filimka khadku uu sii xoogeysto laakiin wuxuu keenaa dhalaal yar. ee arrinta daabacan.
 
05 Baaxadda iyo kala firdhiso Qaybaha Midabka
Baaxadda qaybaha midabada ee gobolka kala firdhisan ayaa si toos ah u go'aaminaya xaaladda xajinta filimka khad.Haddii xuubabka khadku ay qoloftaan, xididdo yaryar oo badan ayaa la samayn karaa.Kordhi kartida filimka khadku si uu u xajisto biraha oo uu wanaajiyo dhalaalka walxaha daabacan.Isla mar ahaantaana, haddii qaybaha pigment-ku si fiican u kala firdhiyaan, waxay sidoo kale ka caawisaa sameynta filim khad siman, kaas oo hagaajin kara iftiinka arrinta daabacan.Qodobbada xaddidaya ee saameeya kala firdhisanaanta qaybaha midabada ayaa ah qiimaha pH ee qaybaha midabada iyo waxa ku jira walxaha isbeddelaya ee khad.Qiimaha pH ee midabku wuu hooseeyaa, waxa ku jira walxaha isbedbeddelaya ee khadku waa sarreeyaa, kala firdhinta qaybaha midabku waa fiican yihiin.
 
06 Hufnaanta Khadka
Ka dib markii la sameeyo filim khad hufnaan sare leh, iftiinka dhacdada ayaa qayb ahaan ka muuqda dusha sare ee filimka khad, qaybta kale ee dusha warqadda, ka dibna ka soo baxa, samaynta laba midab shaandho, milicsigan adag ee saameynta midabka hodanka ah;Iyo filimka khad ee ay sameeyeen midab madow, dhalaalkeedu wuxuu ka muuqdaa oo kaliya dusha sare, saameynta dhalaalku hubaal maaha sida khad hufan.
 
07 Qalabka Isku Xidhka Si Wacan
Dhallaanka wax-ku-xidhaha ayaa ah qodobka ugu muhiimsan ee daabacaadda qalinka.Qalinka hore ee qalinku wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay saliid linseed, saliid tung, saliid catalpa iyo saliid kale oo khudradeed.Wanaagsanaanta dusha dambe ee conjunctiva ma aha mid sare, kaliya dusha filim dufan leh, milicsiga iftiinka dhacdada, iyo dhalaalka daabacaadda ayaa liidata.Hadda khad linker resin oo ah qaybta ugu muhiimsan, conjunctiva la daabacay ka dib markii silbashada dusha sare ay u sarreyso, iftiinka iftiinka iftiinka ayaa la dhimay, dhalaalka la daabacay ayaa dhowr jeer ka sarreeya khadkii hore.
 
08 Gelitaanka dareeraha
Daabacadu hadda way dhammaatay, sababtoo ah qalajinta qalinka iyo hagaajinta aan la dhamaystirin, sidaas darteed, dhalaalka dusha daabacaadda ayaa aad u sarreeya, sida warqadda dahaarka leh, oogada daabacaadda ee qaybta qaybta gloss ayaa badanaa 15-20 digrii ka sarreeya. marka loo eego dusha warqadda cad, oogadana waa qoyan oo dhalaalaysa.Laakin marka khadku engego oo uu adkeeyo, dhalaalku si tartiib ah ayuu u yaraanayaa.Marka dareeraha khadku uu weli ku sii jiro warqadda, khadku waxa uu ilaalinayaa heerka dareeraha waxana uu leeyahay simannaan sare.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka la geliyo dareeraha warqadda, jilicsanaanta dusha sare waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa qaybaha midabka, iyo wakhtigan qaybaha midabku aad ayey uga weyn yihiin molecules dareeraha, sidaas darteed, jilicsanaanta dusha daabacaadda ayaa la socota galinta dareeraha oo ay noqotay inay hoos u dhacdo.Habkan, heerka gelitaanka dareeraha ayaa si toos ah u saameeya jilicsanaanta iyo dhalaalka dusha daabacaadda.Haddii qulqulka si tartiib ah loo fuliyo, iyo polymerization oxidation of resin waxaa lagu fuliyaa xawaaraha ku habboon, dusha khadadka waxaa lagu ilaalin karaa si siman oo heer sare ah ee xaaladda adagaanta filimka.Sidan oo kale gloss daabacaadda ayaa lagu ilaalin karaa heer sare.Taas bedelkeeda, haddii dhexgalka dareeraha uu yahay mid degdeg ah, ka dibna adkeynta polymerization ee resin-ka ayaa la dhammeyn karaa oo kaliya marka jilicsanaanta dusha daabacaadda si weyn loo yareeyo, sidaas darteed dhalaalka daabacaadda ayaa si weyn hoos ugu dhacay.
 
Sidaa darteed, marka laga hadlayo isla dhalaalidda warqadda, inta uu gaabinayo heerka galitaanka khadku, waa uu sarreeyaa dhalaalka daabacaadda.Xataa marka laga hadlayo gloss cad iyo heerka galitaanka qalinku waa isku mid, gloss daabacaaddu way ka duwanaan doontaa sababtoo ah khad ku jirta gobolka galitaanka warqadda.Guud ahaan, isla heerka wax gelinta, heerka galinta cufan iyo ganaaxa ayaa aad uga faa'iidaysan hagaajinta dhalaalka daabacaadda marka loo eego xaaladda galitaanka aadka u yar iyo tan qalafsan.Laakin yaraynta galinta khad iyo xawaaraha conjunctiva si loo hagaajiyo gloss daabacaadda waxay keeni doontaa dhabarka dambe
 
09 Foomka Qalajinta Khadka
Qadar isku mid ah oo khad ah oo leh foomamka qalajinta ee kala duwan, gloss ma aha isku mid, guud ahaan qalajinta conjunctiva oxidized marka loo eego gloss qalajinta osmotic waa sarreeyaa, sababtoo ah qalajinta konjunctiva qalajinta oksijiinta qalabka filimada.